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Active listening

To listen with the intention of understanding what was communicated.



Actual Impact

The impact of the assistance (your project) on the conflict in the context. Not to be confused with the intended impact of the assistance (e.g. nutrition, literacy, etc.). Actual impact is generated through the interactions between the Dividers and Connectors present in the context and key details of the assistance (Resource Transfers/Patterns of Action and Implicit Ethical Messages/Patterns of Behavior).


Adjudication

A formal decision or judgment given by an administrative authority, court, or tribunal, in resolution of a dispute.

A process in which a judge dictates a solution that is based on legal norms and parameters.



Adversary

One who is presumed to have the same objectives as one’s own and with whom one does not have cooperative or collaborative relations. An adversary can easily become an enemy when the perception of danger rises to the point that relations become highly competitive and each actively works to impede the other from gaining their objectives.



Agency

The ability to act and affect change and the subsequent occurrence of an act by a person or group.

Fundamental to the concept is the conviction that individuals can directly influence their environment and act as agents of social and political change.



Aggression

An unprovoked, offensive act of hostility, attack, or violence on the individual, communal, regional, or governmental level.

The United Nations defines aggression as the ‘use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations.’



Agreement

A negotiated and usually legally enforceable understanding between two or more legally competent parties. Although a binding contract can (and often does) result from an agreement, an agreement typically documents the terms of a negotiated settlement.



Ahimsa

The Hindi word for non-injury, or nonviolence made popular by Gandhi as the central value of his beliefs and leadership.



Alliance

A coalition of individuals, groups, or nation-states based on formal or informal agreement, open or secret, formed to assist one another to secure identified objectives according to specified and mutually accepted criteria.

Usually involve a broader range of co-operative endeavors, including purposes of development, humanitarian aid, and conflict resolution.


Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

A wide range of procedures and approaches other than litigation (court/legal procedures) that aim to identify resolutions to conflicts mutually accepted by the different parties.




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